Here is a list of resources I hope you may find helpful.
The Silicon Valley Sociological Review - the refereed undergraduate research journal of the SCU Sociology Department
A list of national Sociology Undergraduate Research Conferences and Journals - collected by Barnard College
Hands-on Programming with R - an introduction to R for folks with no coding experience
Introduction to Data Analysis & Visualization using Stata - introduction to Stata, including reference guides
OpenIntro Statistics - free, comprehensive textbook on statistics and data analysis
Percentage Change vs. Percentage Point Change - a key distinction for writing and interpreting statistics
"Tense Present: Democracy, English, and the Wars Over Usage" - by David Foster Wallace; part of my purpose as a teacher is to help you learn Standard Written English as a foreign dialect
Manual of Best Practices for Transparent Social Science Research - by Garret Christensen, BITSS
Research Transparency Online Course - YouTube Course created by the Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences
GitHub Guides - guides to learn how to use GitHub, software to make version control easier and more efficient
The Workflow of Data Analysis Using Stata - by J. Scott Long; every social scientist using Stata needs to read this book
Equator Network - reporting guidelines for writing up research (or see APA reporting guidelines for psychology for a closely allied field)
The lists of datasets and data repositories can help provide a starting point for finding data for a research paper or project. I have used those with a * extensively in my own research and so may be able to assist students with questions about them.
ICPSR* - huge data repository with wide variety of datasets available
Data.gov* - U.S. Government's open data repository
Pew Research Center* - Pew makes its high-quality, nationally representative data on a variety of topics publicly available
Harvard Dataverse - data from all disciplines; also, a repository for replication datasets
NBER Data - economic-related data
Demographic and Health Program Surveys - population, health, HIV, nutrition; over 300 surveys in 90 countries
Disability-inclusive datasets - U.S. population surveys that include standard disability demographic questions
ED Data Inventory - list of education-related datasets from the Department of Education
SF OpenData - hundreds of San Francisco city datasets
Dataquest - blog post listing a number of great data resources
Disability Data Initiative - reviews disability questions in national censuses and household surveys
Panel data from U.S. nationally representative samples on a variety of topics
RAND American Life Panel - beginning in 2007
USC Understanding America Study* - beginning in 2014
Pew American Trends Panel* - started in 2014, sharing some limited data (look at individual reports)
These datasets are generally respected and widely used.
General Social Survey (GSS)* - ongoing, nationally representative survey of U.S. life since 1972
IPUMS - U.S. Census data
NLS (including NLSY) - National Longitudinal Surveys, looking at important life events and labor market outcomes
National Health Interview Study (NHIS)* - U.S. Nationally representative survey related to health
AddHealth - longitudinal study of health from adolescence to adulthood, includes network, educational, and biometric data
Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)* - study of health information acquisition, largely around cancer
FINRA National Financial Capability Study (NFCS)* - study of financial literacy and outcomes
On Being a Scientist (PNAS) - Much of the tacit knowledge of the scientific professions made explicit; though the article is over two decades old, still quite true. Aside from the section on "Scientific Progress," I largely agree, and think this a valuable resource for students starting out in grad school or undergrads considering a career in academic research.
Things I have found helpful throughout my work-life.
Two sides of the coin: how to do what you love; the ethics of needing to love what you do